$A$ rod of length $l$ and area of cross-section $A$ is heated from $0^{\circ}C$ to $100^{\circ}C$. The rod is so placed that it is not allowed to increase in length,then the force developed is proportional to

$A$ rod of length $L$ and radius $r$ is held between two rigid walls so that it is not allowed to expand. If its temperature is increased,then the force developed in it is proportional to .........

The interatomic distance for a metal is $3 \times 10^{-10} \ m$. If the interatomic force constant is $3.6 \times 10^{-9} \ N/\mathring{A}$,then the Young's modulus in $N/m^2$ will be:

$A$ mild steel wire of length $1.0 \; m$ and cross-sectional area $0.50 \times 10^{-2} \; cm^{2}$ is stretched,well within its elastic limit,horizontally between two pillars. $A$ mass of $100 \; g$ is suspended from the mid-point of the wire. Calculate the depression at the midpoint.

The length of a wire is $l_1$ when a mass $M_1$ is hung from it,and it is $l_2$ when both masses $M_1$ and $M_2$ are hung from it. The natural length of the wire is ........

$A$ metal rod is fixed rigidly at two ends so as to prevent its thermal expansion. If $L$, $\alpha$, and $Y$ denote the length of the rod, the coefficient of linear thermal expansion, and the Young's modulus of its material respectively, then for an increase in temperature of the rod by $\Delta T$, the longitudinal stress developed in the rod is