$A$ solid sphere of radius $R$ carries a charge $(Q+q)$ distributed uniformly over its volume. $A$ very small point-like piece of it of mass $m$ gets detached from the bottom of the sphere and falls down vertically under gravity. This piece carries charge $q$. If it acquires a speed $v$ when it has fallen through a vertical height $y$ (see figure),then: (assume the remaining portion to be spherical).

Consider a gravity-free container as shown. The system is initially at rest and the electric potential in the region is $V = (y^3 + 2) \text{ J/C}$. A ball of charge $q = -0.5 \text{ C}$ and mass $m = 2 \text{ kg}$ is released from rest from the base $(y=0)$. It starts to move up due to the electric field and collides with the shaded top face $(y=2 \text{ m})$ as shown. If its speed just after the collision is $1.5 \text{ m/s}$ and the time for which the ball is in contact with the shaded face is $0.1 \text{ s}$, find the external force required to hold the container fixed in its position during the collision, assuming the ball exerts a constant force on the wall during the entire span of the collision. (in $\text{ N}$)

In $1959$,Lyttleton and Bondi suggested that the expansion of the Universe could be explained if matter carried a net charge. Suppose that the Universe is made up of hydrogen atoms with a number density $N$,which is maintained constant. Let the charge on the proton be: $e_p = -(1 + y)e$,where $e$ is the electronic charge.
$(a)$ Find the critical value of $y$ such that expansion may start.
$(b)$ Show that the velocity of expansion is proportional to the distance from the centre.

Two charges,each equal to $q$,are kept at $x = -a$ and $x = a$ on the $x$-axis. $A$ particle of mass $m$ and charge $q_0 = \frac{q}{2}$ is placed at the origin. If charge $q_0$ is given a small displacement $(y << a)$ along the $y$-axis,the net force acting on the particle is proportional to

$A$ charge $Q$ is placed at each of the opposite corners of a square. $A$ charge $q$ is placed at each of the other two corners. If the net electrical force on $Q$ is zero,then $\frac{Q}{q} = $ . . . . . .

Six infinitely large and thin non-conducting sheets are fixed in configurations $I$ and $II$. As shown in the figure,the sheets carry uniform surface charge densities which are indicated in terms of $\sigma_0$. The separation between any two consecutive sheets is $d = 1 \mu m$. The various regions between the sheets are denoted as $1, 2, 3, 4$ and $5$. If $\sigma_0 = 9 \mu C / m^2$,then which of the following statements is/are correct: (Take permittivity of free space $\epsilon_0 = 9 \times 10^{-12} F / m$):