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(D) According to the first law of thermodynamics,$\Delta Q = \Delta U + \Delta W$.In this equation,$\Delta Q$ (heat) and $\Delta W$ (work) are path-de

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$\Delta U$

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(D) According to the first law of thermodynamics,$\Delta Q = \Delta U + \Delta W$.In this equation,$\Delta Q$ (heat) and $\Delta W$ (work) are path-dependent quantities,meaning their values depend on the process or path taken to reach the final state from the initial state.However,$\Delta U$ (change in internal energy) is a state function.$A$ state function is a property whose value depends only on the current state of the system (initial and final states) and is independent of the path taken to reach that state.Therefore,$\Delta U$ is the unique function of the initial and final states.

$A$ system performs work $\Delta W$ when an amount of heat $\Delta Q$ is added to the system. The corresponding change in the internal energy is $\Delta U$. Which of the following is a unique function of the initial and final states (irrespective of the mode of change)?

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