$A$ tank with a square base of area $1.0 \; m^{2}$ is divided by a vertical partition in the middle. The bottom of the partition has a small hinged door of area $20 \; cm^{2}$. The tank is filled with water in one compartment and an acid (of relative density $1.7$) in the other,both to a height of $4.0 \; m$. Compute the force (in $N$) necessary to keep the door closed.

$A$ cylindrical furnace has height $(H)$ and diameter $(D)$ both $1 \ m$. It is maintained at temperature $T=360 \ K$. The air gets heated inside the furnace at constant pressure $P_a$ and its temperature becomes $T=360 \ K$. The hot air with density $\rho$ rises up a vertical chimney of diameter $d=0.1 \ m$ and height $h=9 \ m$ above the furnace and exits the chimney. As a result,atmospheric air of density $\rho_a=1.2 \ kg \ m^{-3}$,pressure $P_a$ and temperature $T_a=300 \ K$ enters the furnace. Assume air as an ideal gas,neglect the variations in $\rho$ and $T$ inside the chimney and the furnace. Also ignore the viscous effects. [Given: The acceleration due to gravity $g=10 \ ms^{-2}$ and $\pi=3.14$]
$(1)$ Considering the air flow to be streamline,the steady mass flow rate of air exiting the chimney is . . . . .$g \ s^{-1}$.
$(2)$ When the chimney is closed using a cap at the top,a pressure difference $\Delta P$ develops between the top and the bottom surfaces of the cap. If the changes in the temperature and density of the hot air,due to the stoppage of air flow,are negligible then the value of $\Delta P$ is . . . . .$N \ m^{-2}$.

$STATEMENT-1$: The stream of water flowing at high speed from a garden hose pipe tends to spread like a fountain when held vertically up,but tends to narrow down when held vertically down.
$STATEMENT-2$: In any steady flow of an incompressible fluid,the volume flow rate of the fluid remains constant.

$A$ vessel containing a liquid has a constant acceleration of $19.6 \, m/s^2$ in the horizontal direction. The free surface of the water gets sloped with the horizontal at an angle of ..........

Fill in the blanks:
$(i)$ The lines of flow and streamlines coincide with each other in ...... flow.
$(ii)$ The formula for the horizontal velocity of water coming from a hole at the bottom at a height $h$ from the surface of the water is ......
$(iii)$ $1 \ Pa = ...... \ dyne/cm^{2}$
$(iv)$ The relative velocity of two parallel layers of water is $6 \ cm/s$. If the perpendicular distance between the two layers is $0.1 \ mm$,then the velocity gradient will be ......

The vessel shown in the figure has two sections. The lower part is a rectangular vessel with area of cross-section $A$ and height $h$. The upper part is a conical vessel of height $h$ with base area $A$ and top area $a$,and the walls of the vessel are inclined at an angle $30^o$ with the vertical. $A$ liquid of density $\rho$ fills both the sections up to a height $2h$. Neglecting atmospheric pressure: