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(C) The Doppler effect depends on the relative velocity of the source and the observer along the line joining them.In this case,the train is moving al

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is equal to $f$

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(C) The Doppler effect depends on the relative velocity of the source and the observer along the line joining them.In this case,the train is moving along a circular track with a constant speed $V_t$. Let the engine be at point $O$ and the guard be at point $S$.The velocity vector of the engine at $O$ and the guard at $S$ are both tangent to the circular path.Due to the geometry of the circle,the component of the velocity of the engine along the line joining the engine and the guard is equal to the component of the velocity of the guard along the same line.Since the relative velocity of the source (engine) and the observer (guard) along the line joining them is zero,there is no Doppler shift.Therefore,the frequency heard by the guard is equal to the frequency emitted by the engine,i.e.,$f_{app} = f$.

$A$ train is moving with a constant speed along a large circular track. The engine of the train emits a sound of frequency $f$. What is the frequency heard by the guard at the rear end of the train?

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