The reaction shown below is known as:
$2C_6H_5Cl + 2Na \xrightarrow{\text{dry ether}} C_6H_5-C_6H_5 + 2NaCl$

Among the following,the hydrolysis reaction that takes place at the slowest rate is:

Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion $(A)$ and the other is labelled as Reason $(R)$.
Assertion $(A)$ : Chlorine is an electron withdrawing group but it is ortho,para directing in electrophilic aromatic substitution.
Reason $(R)$ : Inductive effect of chlorine destabilises the intermediate carbocation formed during the electrophilic substitution,however due to the more pronounced resonance effect,the halogen stabilises the carbocation at ortho and para positions.
In the light of the above statements,choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below :

Why does the presence of a $-NO_2$ group at the $o,p$-positions increase the reactivity of haloarenes towards nucleophilic substitution reactions?

The reaction of an aryl halide with an alkyl halide and sodium metal in dry ether to form substituted aromatic compounds is known as:

Describe the electrophilic substitution reactions of chlorobenzene.