According to the evolutionary theory,the formation of a new species is generally due to:

If a round,green seeded pea plant $(RRyy)$ is crossed with a wrinkled,yellow seeded pea plant $(rrYY)$,the seeds produced in the $F_1$ generation are

$A$ pea plant with blue colour flower denoted by $BB$ is cross-bred with a pea plant with white flower denoted by $ww$.
$(a)$ What is the expected colour of the flowers in their $F_{1}$ progeny?
$(b)$ What will be the percentage of plants bearing white flower in $F_{2}$ generation,when the flowers of $F_{1}$ plants were selfed?
$(c)$ State the expected ratio of the genotypes $BB$ and $Bw$ in the $F_{2}$ progeny.

The maleness of a child is determined by

Explain Mendel's concept of heredity, by giving three points.

$(a)$ Explain,giving examples,how artificial selection has helped in the formation of newer varieties of cauliflower.
$(b)$ List the steps involved in the formation of new species.
$(c)$ How do different races of human beings belong to the same species?