Explain the addition of $H_2O$ to an alkene.

(N/A) The addition of $H_2O$ to an alkene in the presence of an acid catalyst (like $H_2SO_4$) is known as acid-catalyzed hydration.
$H_2O$ acts as a nucleophile,represented as $\stackrel{+\delta}{H}-\stackrel{-\delta}{OH}$.
This reaction proceeds via an electrophilic addition mechanism,where the proton $(H^+)$ from the acid attacks the double bond to form a carbocation intermediate.
Subsequently,the water molecule attacks the carbocation,followed by deprotonation to yield an alcohol.
For unsymmetrical alkenes,the reaction follows Markovnikov's rule,where the hydroxyl group $(-OH)$ attaches to the more substituted carbon atom.
Examples:
$1$. $CH_2=CH_2 + H_2O \xrightarrow{H^+, \Delta} CH_3-CH_2OH$ (Ethanol)
$2$. $CH_3CH=CH_2 + H_2O \xrightarrow{H^+} CH_3-CH(OH)-CH_3$ (Propane$-2-$ol)
$3$. $CH_3-C(CH_3)=CH_2 + H_2O \xrightarrow{H^+} CH_3-C(OH)(CH_3)-CH_3$ ($2$-Methylpropan$-2-$ol)