Which of the following can decolorize aldehydes and ketones?

Assertion $(A)$: Aldehydes are more reactive than ketones towards nucleophilic addition reactions.
Reason $(R)$: In aldehydes,carbonyl carbon is less electrophilic compared to ketones.
The correct answer is

In the following sequence of reactions,the final product $D$ is:

The Tischenko reaction yields an ester in the presence of which catalyst?

The product $A$ in the above reaction is

Assertion : Benzaldehyde is more reactive than ethanol towards nucleophilic attack.
Reason : The overall effect of $-I$ and $+R$ effect of phenyl group decreases the electron density on the carbon atom of $>C=O$ group in benzaldehyde.