An $X$-ray tube operates at $30 \ kV$. What is the minimum wavelength emitted in $\mathring{A}$? (Given: $h = 6.6 \times 10^{-34} \ J \cdot s$,$e = 1.6 \times 10^{-19} \ C$,$c = 3 \times 10^8 \ m/s$)

The wavelengths of $K_\alpha$ lines of two elements are $250 \, pm$ and $179 \, pm$, respectively. The number of elements between these two elements in the periodic table will be:

Intensity of $X-$rays depends upon the number of

Calculate the wavelength of the $K_{\alpha}$ line for $Z=31$, when $a=5 \times 10^7 \, Hz^{1/2}$ for a characteristic $X$-ray spectrum.

Write the sources and uses of $X$-rays and gamma rays.

If $\lambda_{Cu}$ is the wavelength of the $K_{\alpha}$ $X$-ray line of copper (atomic number $Z = 29$) and $\lambda_{Mo}$ is the wavelength of the $K_{\alpha}$ $X$-ray line of molybdenum (atomic number $Z = 42$),then the ratio $\frac{\lambda_{Cu}}{\lambda_{Mo}}$ is close to: