An electric dipole having dipole moment P = q | vedclass

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(D) An electric dipole consists of two equal and opposite charges,$+q$ and $-q$,separated by a distance $2\ell$. In a uniform electric field $E$,the f

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zero and minimum

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(D) An electric dipole consists of two equal and opposite charges,$+q$ and $-q$,separated by a distance $2\ell$. In a uniform electric field $E$,the force on the positive charge is $F_+ = qE$ in the direction of the field,and the force on the negative charge is $F_- = -qE$ opposite to the direction of the field. The net force on the dipole is $F_{net} = F_+ + F_- = qE - qE = 0$. The potential energy $U$ of an electric dipole in an electric field is given by $U = -P \cdot E = -PE \cos 	heta$. When the dipole moment $P$ is along the direction of the field,the angle $	heta = 0^{\circ}$. Thus,$U = -PE \cos(0^{\circ}) = -PE$,which is the minimum possible value (stable equilibrium).

An electric dipole having dipole moment $P = q \times 2\ell$ is placed in a uniform electric field $E$. The dipole moment is along the direction of the field. The force acting on it and its potential energy are respectively

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