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(A) The potential energy $U$ of an electric dipole in a uniform electric field is given by the formula $U = -\vec{p} \cdot \vec{E} = -pE \cos 	heta$,

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(A) The potential energy $U$ of an electric dipole in a uniform electric field is given by the formula $U = -\vec{p} \cdot \vec{E} = -pE \cos 	heta$,where $	heta$ is the angle between the dipole moment $\vec{p}$ and the electric field $\vec{E}$.To find the minimum potential energy,we need to maximize the value of $\cos 	heta$.The maximum value of $\cos 	heta$ is $1$,which occurs when $	heta = 0^o$.Substituting $	heta = 0^o$ into the formula,we get $U_{\min} = -pE \cos(0^o) = -pE$.Therefore,the potential energy is minimum when the angle between $\vec{p}$ and $\vec{E}$ is $0$.

An electric dipole of moment $\vec{p}$ placed in a uniform electric field $\vec{E}$ has minimum potential energy when the angle between $\vec{p}$ and $\vec{E}$ is

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