An electromagnetic wave of wavelength $\lambda_0$ (in vacuum) passes from $P$ towards $Q$ crossing three different media of refractive index $\mu, 2\mu$ and $3\mu$ respectively as shown in the figure. Let $\phi_P$ and $\phi_Q$ be the phase of the wave at points $P$ and $Q$. Find the phase difference $\phi_Q - \phi_P$. [Take: $\mu = 1$]

An observer can see through a small hole on the side of a jar (radius $15\, cm$) at a point at a height of $15\, cm$ from the bottom (see figure). The hole is at a height of $45\, cm$. When the jar is filled with a liquid up to a height of $30\, cm$,the same observer can see the edge at the bottom of the jar. If the refractive index of the liquid is $N/100$,where $N$ is an integer,the value of $N$ is $.....$

In the figure shown,$\frac{\sin i}{\sin r}$ is equal to:

If $\varepsilon_{0}$ and $\mu_{0}$ are the permittivity and permeability of free space and $\varepsilon$ and $\mu$ are the corresponding quantities for a medium,then the refractive index of the medium is:

On a glass plate,a light wave is incident at an angle of $60^o$. If the reflected and the refracted waves are mutually perpendicular,the refractive index of the material is:

The refractive index of a certain glass is $1.5$ for light whose wavelength in vacuum is $6000\;\mathring A.$ The wavelength of this light when it passes through glass is.......$\mathring A.$