An element $X$ which is a yellow solid at room temperature shows catenation and allotropy. $X$ forms two oxides which are also formed during the thermal decomposition of ferrous sulphate crystals and are the major air pollutants.
$(a)$ Identify the element $X$
$(b)$ Write the electronic configuration of $X$
$(c)$ Write the balanced chemical equation for the thermal decomposition of ferrous sulphate crystals?

The electrons in the atoms of four elements $A, B, C$ and $D$ are distributed in three shells having $1, 3, 5$ and $7$ electrons in the outermost shell respectively. State the period in which these elements can be placed in the modern periodic table. Write the electronic configuration of the atoms of $A$ and $D$ and the molecular formula of the compound formed when $A$ and $D$ combine.

$(a)$ Electropositive nature of the element$(s)$ increases down the group and decreases across the period.
$(b)$ Electronegativity of the element decreases down the group and increases across the period.
$(c)$ Atomic size increases down the group and decreases across a period (left to right).
$(d)$ Metallic character increases down the group and decreases across a period.
On the basis of the above trends of the Periodic Table,answer the following about the elements with atomic numbers $3$ to $9$:
$(a)$ Name the most electropositive element among them.
$(b)$ Name the most electronegative element.
$(c)$ Name the element with the smallest atomic size.
$(d)$ Name the element which is a metalloid.
$(e)$ Name the element which shows maximum valency.

$D$öbereiner's system of classification into triads was not found to be useful as he could identify only:

$Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl$ and $Ar$ are the elements of the third period.
$(a)$ Which one of them is an inert gas? Why?
$(b)$ Which one of them has a valency of $4$? What kind of bond does it form: ionic or covalent?
$(c)$ Which of them are electropositive? Pick any two.

Write true or false for the statement: It was assumed by Newlands that only $63$ elements existed in nature and no more elements would be discovered in the future.