An ore of metal $'M'$ $\xrightarrow{\text{Roasting}}$ Metal oxide $\xrightarrow{\text{carbon reduction}}$ $'M'$
(After crushing and grinding)
$'M'$ may be :-

Carbon cannot be used in the reduction of $Al_2O_3$ because

Explain the extraction of: $(i)$ Copper from Copper$(I)$ oxide,$(ii)$ Zinc from zinc oxide.

Which of the following metals is commercially reduced by the carbon reduction method and refined by the distillation method?

During the electrolytic reduction of alumina,two auxiliary electrolytes $X$ and $Y$ are added to increase the electrical conductance and lower the melting point of the mixture. $X$ and $Y$ are:

Explain the role of thermodynamics in the extraction of elements. Or,explain how thermodynamics is helpful in the selection of a reducing agent for metallurgical operations.