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(A) The $pK_{a}$ value is inversely proportional to the acidity of the compound. Stronger acids have lower $pK_{a}$ values.$1$. $p$-nitrobenzoic acid

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$C < B < D < A$

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(A) The $pK_{a}$ value is inversely proportional to the acidity of the compound. Stronger acids have lower $pK_{a}$ values.$1$. $p$-nitrobenzoic acid $(A)$: The $-NO_2$ group is a strong electron-withdrawing group ($-I$ and $-M$ effect),which significantly increases the acidity of the carboxylic acid group.$2$. Benzoic acid $(D)$: This is the reference compound.$3$. $p$-methoxybenzoic acid $(B)$: The $-OCH_3$ group is an electron-donating group ($+M$ effect),which decreases the acidity of the carboxylic acid group compared to benzoic acid.$4$. $p$-nitrophenol $(C)$: Phenols are generally much weaker acids than carboxylic acids. Although the $-NO_2$ group increases the acidity of phenol,it is still significantly less acidic than the carboxylic acids listed above.Comparing the acidity: $p$-nitrobenzoic acid $(A)$ > benzoic acid $(D)$ > $p$-methoxybenzoic acid $(B)$ > $p$-nitrophenol $(C)$.Therefore,the increasing order of $pK_{a}$ values is: $C < B < D < A$.

Arrange the following compounds in increasing order of their $pK_{a}$ values:
$(a)$ $p$-nitrobenzoic acid
$(b)$ $p$-methoxybenzoic acid
$(c)$ $p$-nitrophenol
$(d)$ benzoic acid

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Arrange the following compounds in increasing order of their $pK_{a}$ values:$(a)$ $p$-nitrobenzoic acid$(b)$ $p$-methoxybenzoic acid$(c)$ $p$-nitrophenol$(d)$ benzoic acid