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(B) Character displacement was first explicitly explained by William $L$. Brown and $E$.$O$. Wilson $(1956)$.When two closely related species have ove

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Geographic overlapping

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(B) Character displacement was first explicitly explained by William $L$. Brown and $E$.$O$. Wilson $(1956)$.When two closely related species have overlapping geographic ranges,they often exhibit character displacement in the area of sympatry (where they occur together).In areas where the species occur alone (allopatry),they are often very similar and difficult to distinguish.However,in the area of overlap,the populations diverge in one or more morphological,ecological,behavioral,or physiological characters to reduce competition.Thus,character displacement is a phenomenon that occurs specifically when there is geographic overlapping of two competing species.

List-$I$	List-$II$
$A$. Cuscuta plant growing on hedge plant	$I$. Mutualism
$B$. One to one relationship between fig tree and female wasp	$II$. Predation
$C$. $A$ sparrow eating any seed	$III$. Parasitism
$D$. Extinction of Abingdon tortoise due to introduction of goats on Galapagos Islands	$IV$. Competition

Character displacement takes place when there is

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