Chloroform,when kept open,is oxidized to

Reaction of $(R)-2$-butanol with $p$-toluenesulphonyl chloride in pyridine followed by reaction with $LiBr$ gives

Identify the product $B$ in the following reaction sequence:
$1$-bromo-$4$-chlorobenzene $\xrightarrow[\text{Dry ether}]{Mg (1 \text{ equivalent})} (A)$ $\xrightarrow{HO-CH_2-CH_2-Cl} (B)$

Which of the following compounds will form the precipitate with aqueous $AgNO_3$ solution most readily?

The reaction of $4-$bromobenzyl chloride with sodium cyanide in ethanol leads to the formation of

Explain the following with examples: $(a)$ $\alpha$ and $\beta$-hydrogen,$(b)$ $\beta$-elimination reaction,and $(c)$ Saytzeff rule.