Consider a photon of continuous $X$-ray and a photon of characteristic $X$-ray of the same wavelength. Which of the following is different for the two photons?

In an $X$-ray tube, electrons emitted from a filament (cathode) carrying current $I$ hit a target (anode) at a distance $d$ from the cathode. The target is kept at a potential $V$ higher than the cathode, resulting in the emission of continuous and characteristic $X$-rays. If the filament current $I$ is decreased to $I/2$, the potential difference $V$ is increased to $2V$, and the separation distance $d$ is reduced to $d/2$, then:
$(A)$ The cut-off wavelength will reduce to half, and the wavelengths of the characteristic $X$-rays will remain the same.
$(B)$ The cut-off wavelength as well as the wavelengths of the characteristic $X$-rays will remain the same.
$(C)$ The cut-off wavelength will reduce to half, and the intensities of all the $X$-rays will decrease.
$(D)$ The cut-off wavelength will become two times larger, and the intensity of all the $X$-rays will decrease.

The minimum wavelength of the $X$-rays produced by electrons accelerated through a potential difference of $V$ volts is directly proportional to

When are characteristic $X$-ray emissions produced?

Write the sources and uses of $X$-rays and gamma rays.

An electron beam is accelerated by a potential difference of $V$ and strikes a metal target to produce $X$-rays. For which of the following values of $V$ (in $kV$) will the $X$-ray wavelength be the shortest?