Correct exposure for a photographic print is $10 \, s$ at a distance of $1 \, m$ from a point source of $20 \, cd$. For an equal fogging of the print placed at a distance of $2 \, m$ from a $16 \, cd$ source,the necessary time for exposure is.......$s$.

$A$ glass beaker has a solid,plano-convex base of refractive index $1.60$,as shown in the figure. The radius of curvature of the convex surface $(SPU)$ is $9 \ cm$,while the planar surface $(STU)$ acts as a mirror. This beaker is filled with a liquid of refractive index $n$ up to the level $QPR$. If the image of a point object $O$ at a height of $h$ ($OT$ in the figure) is formed onto itself,then which of the following option$(s)$ is (are) correct?
$(A)$ For $n=1.42, h=50 \ cm$
$(B)$ For $n=1.35, h=36 \ cm$
$(C)$ For $n=1.45, h=65 \ cm$
$(D)$ For $n=1.48, h=85 \ cm$

$A$ ray of light strikes a plane mirror at an angle of incidence $45^o$ as shown in the figure. After reflection,the ray passes through a prism of refractive index $1.5$,whose apex angle is $4^o$. The angle through which the mirror should be rotated if the total deviation of the ray is to be $90^o$ is

An optical arrangement consists of two concave mirrors $M_1$ and $M_2$,and a convex lens $L$ with a common principal axis,as shown in the figure. The focal length of $L$ is $10 \text{ cm}$. The radii of curvature of $M_1$ and $M_2$ are $20 \text{ cm}$ and $24 \text{ cm}$,respectively. The distance between $L$ and $M_2$ is $20 \text{ cm}$. $A$ point object $S$ is placed at the mid-point between $L$ and $M_2$ on the axis. When the distance between $L$ and $M_1$ is $n/7 \text{ cm}$,one of the images coincides with $S$. The value of $n$ is. . . .

$1\%$ of light of a source with luminous intensity $50 \,cd$ is incident on a circular surface of radius $10 \,cm$. The average illuminance of the surface is: (in $,lux$)

$A$ solid hemisphere of refractive index $\mu_1 = 3/2$ and radius $R = 20\ cm$ is placed as shown in the figure. Another special cylindrical glass of refractive index $\mu_2$,radius $R$,and thickness $t = 2R/3$ is placed adjacent to the flat surface of the solid hemisphere. There is a very small luminous spot at $P$ just inside the solid hemisphere,and the $MN$ surface of the special glass is silvered. Considering only paraxial rays,if the final image of point $P$ for an observer to the left of the hemisphere is at the center $C$ of the hemisphere,find the refractive index $\mu_2$ of the special glass.