Dark lines on the solar spectrum are due to

Light from a sodium lamp is passed through cold sodium vapours. The spectrum of the transmitted light consists of:

Assertion : Different colours travel with different speed in vacuum.
Reason : Wavelength of light depends on refractive index of medium.

The difference in the number of wavelengths, when yellow light propagates through air and vacuum columns of the same thickness, is one. Find the thickness of the air column. Given: Refractive index of air $\mu_a = 1.0003$, Wavelength of yellow light in vacuum $\lambda_0 = 6000 \text{ Å}$.

The intensity of light from a continuously emitting laser source operating at $638 \,nm$ wavelength is modulated at $1 \,GHz$. The modulation is done by momentarily cutting the intensity off with a frequency of $1 \,GHz$. What is the farthest distance apart two detectors can be placed in the line of the laser light,so that they can see the portions of the same pulse simultaneously?
(Consider the speed of light in air $c = 3 \times 10^{8} \,m/s$)