Define the following characteristics of sound:
$(a)$
$(i)$ Pitch
$(ii)$ Loudness
$(iii)$ Quality or Timbre
$(b)$ $A$ boy receives his echo $3 \, s$ later. Find the distance of the reflecting surface from the boy. Speed of sound in air is $342 \, m s^{-1}$.

(N/A)
$(i)$ Pitch: It is the characteristic of sound that helps to distinguish between a shrill sound and a hoarse sound. Pitch depends upon the frequency of the sound wave.
$(ii)$ Loudness: It is the characteristic of sound that helps to distinguish between a loud sound and a faint sound. It is determined by the amplitude of the sound wave.
$(iii)$ Quality or Timbre: It is the characteristic of sound that allows us to distinguish between sounds produced by different sources,even if they have the same pitch and loudness. It helps us identify the source,such as a $Tabla$ or a $Guitar$.
$(b)$ Given:
Speed of sound $(v)$ = $342 \, m s^{-1}$
Time taken $(t)$ = $3 \, s$
Let the distance of the reflecting surface be $d$.
The total distance traveled by sound to reach the reflecting surface and return is $2d$.
Using the formula: $2d = v \times t$
$2d = 342 \times 3$
$2d = 1026$
$d = 1026 / 2 = 513 \, m$
Therefore,the distance of the reflecting surface is $513 \, m$.