Describe the international initiatives for the conservation of biodiversity.

(N/A) $\rightarrow$ Biodiversity conservation is a collective responsibility of all nations.
$1$. The Convention on Biological Diversity (The Earth Summit) held in Rio de Janeiro in $1992$ called upon all nations to take initiatives for biodiversity conservation.
$2$. $A$ follow-up World Summit on Sustainable Development was held in $2002$ in Johannesburg,South Africa.
$3$. In this summit,$190$ countries made commitments to significantly reduce the current rate of biodiversity loss at global,regional,and local levels by $2010$.
$4$. In $2012$,the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development was held again in Rio,which is referred to as Rio $+ 20$ or the Rio Earth Summit $2012$.