Describe the important properties of enzymes.

(N/A) Properties of enzymes:
$1$. Enzymes are complex macromolecules with high molecular weight.
$2$. They catalyze biochemical reactions in a cell. They help in the breakdown of large molecules into smaller molecules or bring together two smaller molecules to form a larger molecule.
$3$. Enzymes do not initiate a reaction. However,they significantly accelerate the rate of the reaction.
$4$. Enzymes affect the rate of a biochemical reaction,not the direction or equilibrium.
$5$. Most enzymes have a high turnover number. The turnover number is defined as the number of substrate molecules converted into product by one enzyme molecule per unit time. $A$ high turnover number increases the efficiency of the reaction.
$6$. Enzymes are highly specific in their action.
$7$. Enzymatic activity is sensitive to temperature; it generally increases with temperature up to an optimum point,beyond which it decreases due to denaturation.
$8$. Enzymes show maximum activity at an optimum $pH$ range,typically between $6$ and $8$.
$9$. The velocity of an enzymatic reaction increases with an increase in substrate concentration until it reaches a maximum velocity $(V_{max})$.