Disposal of spores in ferns takes place throu | vedclass

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(C) In ferns,the sporangium consists of a specialized layer of cells called the annulus and a thin-walled region known as the stomium.When the sporang

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Both $(a)$ and $(b)$

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(C) In ferns,the sporangium consists of a specialized layer of cells called the annulus and a thin-walled region known as the stomium.When the sporangium matures,the annulus cells lose water and contract,creating tension that causes the sporangium to rupture at the stomium.This mechanism facilitates the explosive dispersal of spores into the environment.Therefore,both the annulus and the stomium are essential for the disposal of spores.

Disposal of spores in ferns takes place through

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