The dynamic aspect of an ecosystem is:

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(D) The dynamic aspect of an ecosystem refers to the processes that involve constant movement and transformation of materials and energy.$1$. Energy f

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Energy flow and mineral cycles

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(D) The dynamic aspect of an ecosystem refers to the processes that involve constant movement and transformation of materials and energy.$1$. Energy flow: Energy enters the ecosystem from the sun and flows through different trophic levels,eventually being lost as heat. This is a unidirectional and continuous process.$2$. Mineral cycles (Nutrient cycling): Nutrients are recycled between the biotic and abiotic components of the ecosystem. This ensures the continuous availability of essential elements for life.Since both energy flow and nutrient cycling are continuous,active,and essential processes that maintain the ecosystem's function,they represent its dynamic aspect.

List-$I$	List-$II$
$a$. Carbon dissolved in oceans	$i$. $55$ billion tons
$b$. Annual fixation of carbon through photosynthesis	$ii$. $71 \%$
$c$. $PAR$ captured by plants	$iii$. $4 \times 10^{13} \ kg$
$d$. Productivity of oceans	$iv$. $2$ to $10 \%$

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