The equation $M\vec{A} = \vec{F}_{ext}$ denotes what?

Two particles $A$ and $B$ (both initially at rest) start moving towards each other under a mutual force of attraction. At the instant, when the speed of $A$ is $v$ and the speed of $B$ is $2v$, the speed of the centre of mass is

Two men $A$ and $B$ are standing on a plank. $B$ is at the middle of the plank and $A$ is at the left end of the plank. The bottom surface of the plank is smooth. The system is initially at rest and the masses are as shown in the figure. $A$ and $B$ start moving such that the position of $B$ remains fixed with respect to the ground and $A$ meets $B$. Then the point where $A$ meets $B$ is located at

$A$ man of $50\, kg$ mass is standing in a gravity-free space at a height of $10\, m$ above the floor. He throws a stone of $0.5\, kg$ mass downwards with a speed of $2\, m/s$. When the stone reaches the floor,the distance of the man above the floor will be ...... $m$.

Two masses $m_1$ and $m_2$ $(m_1 > m_2)$ are connected by a massless,flexible,and inextensible string passed over a massless and frictionless pulley. The acceleration of the center of mass of the system is

Two bodies of masses $m_1$ and $m_2$ $(m_1 > m_2)$ are tied to the ends of a string which passes over a light frictionless pulley. The masses are initially at rest and then released. The acceleration of the centre of mass is