Explain the Law of Definite Proportions with examples.

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(N/A) The Law of Definite Proportions was proposed by the French chemist $Joseph \ Proust$. He stated that a given chemical compound always contains exactly the same proportion of elements by weight,regardless of its source or method of preparation.
$Proust$ worked with two samples of cupric carbonate $(CuCO_3)$—one of natural origin and the other synthetic. He found that the composition of elements present in both samples was identical,as shown in the table below:
Sample Type $\% \text{ of Copper}$ $\% \text{ of Carbon}$ $\% \text{ of Oxygen}$
Natural sample $51.35$ $9.74$ $38.91$
Synthetic sample $51.35$ $9.74$ $38.91$

Thus,irrespective of the source,a given compound always contains the same elements in the same proportion by mass. This law is also known as the Law of Definite Composition.

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The following data are obtained when dinitrogen and dioxygen react together to form different compounds:
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$14 \ g$ $16 \ g$
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$28 \ g$ $80 \ g$

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