Explain the autoregulatory mechanism of $GFR$.
(N/A) The kidney possesses a built-in mechanism for the regulation of glomerular filtration rate $(GFR)$,known as autoregulation.
This process is primarily managed by the juxtaglomerular apparatus $(JGA)$.
The $JGA$ is a specialized microscopic structure located at the contact point between the vascular pole of the renal corpuscle and the distal convoluted tubule $(DCT)$ of the same nephron.
When $GFR$ decreases,the $JGA$ cells are activated to release the enzyme renin.
Renin initiates the renin-angiotensin mechanism,which leads to the constriction of efferent arterioles and systemic vasoconstriction,thereby increasing glomerular blood pressure.
This increase in blood pressure restores the $GFR$ to its normal level.
This process is primarily managed by the juxtaglomerular apparatus $(JGA)$.
The $JGA$ is a specialized microscopic structure located at the contact point between the vascular pole of the renal corpuscle and the distal convoluted tubule $(DCT)$ of the same nephron.
When $GFR$ decreases,the $JGA$ cells are activated to release the enzyme renin.
Renin initiates the renin-angiotensin mechanism,which leads to the constriction of efferent arterioles and systemic vasoconstriction,thereby increasing glomerular blood pressure.
This increase in blood pressure restores the $GFR$ to its normal level.
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$(a)$ Angiotensin $II$ constricts arterioles in the kidney to reduce blood flow and decreases blood pressure when blood flow to the afferent arteriole decreases.
$(b)$ Angiotensin $II$ stimulates the adrenal cortex to release aldosterone for more absorption of $Na^+$ and $Cl^-$ ions in the $DCT$.
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$(a)$ Angiotensin $II$ constricts arterioles in the kidney to reduce blood flow and decreases blood pressure when blood flow to the afferent arteriole decreases.
$(b)$ Angiotensin $II$ stimulates the adrenal cortex to release aldosterone for more absorption of $Na^+$ and $Cl^-$ ions in the $DCT$.
$(c)$ Blood osmolarity varies with the secretion of aldosterone and $ANP$.
Given below are two statements.
$Statement-I$: Only $ADH$ is sufficient for homeostasis.
$Statement-II$: $RAAS$ stimulates $Na^+$ reabsorption, thereby maintaining the osmolarity of body fluid.
In the light of the above two statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below.
$Statement-I$: Only $ADH$ is sufficient for homeostasis.
$Statement-II$: $RAAS$ stimulates $Na^+$ reabsorption, thereby maintaining the osmolarity of body fluid.
In the light of the above two statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below.
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