Explain variations in atomic radii and ionisation enthalpies in group-$16$.
(N/A) $(i)$ Atomic radii: The atomic radii of group-$16$ elements are smaller than the corresponding group-$15$ elements. This is due to an increase in effective nuclear charge.
In group-$16$,moving down the group,the atomic radii and ionic radii increase due to the addition of new electron shells at each successive element.
$(ii)$ Ionisation enthalpy: The first ionisation enthalpies of group-$16$ elements are lower than the corresponding group-$15$ elements. This is due to the fact that group-$15$ elements have extra stable half-filled $p$-orbitals.
The ionisation enthalpy of group-$16$ elements is quite high due to their small size and high nuclear charge. However,down the group,the ionisation enthalpy decreases with the increase in atomic size.
In group-$16$,moving down the group,the atomic radii and ionic radii increase due to the addition of new electron shells at each successive element.
$(ii)$ Ionisation enthalpy: The first ionisation enthalpies of group-$16$ elements are lower than the corresponding group-$15$ elements. This is due to the fact that group-$15$ elements have extra stable half-filled $p$-orbitals.
The ionisation enthalpy of group-$16$ elements is quite high due to their small size and high nuclear charge. However,down the group,the ionisation enthalpy decreases with the increase in atomic size.
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$a$. The thermal stability of hydrides of group $16$ elements follows the order :
$H_2O > H_2S > H_2Se > H_2Te$
$b$. Acidic nature of hydrides of group $16$ elements follows the order :
$H_2O < H_2S < H_2Se < H_2Te$
$c$. The reducing nature of $H_2S$,$H_2Se$ and $H_2Te$ follows the order :
$H_2S < H_2Se < H_2Te$
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