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(C) Let the charge on the inner surface of the outermost shell (radius $r_3$) be $q'$.Consider a Gaussian surface inside the material of the outermost

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$-q_1$

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(C) Let the charge on the inner surface of the outermost shell (radius $r_3$) be $q'$.Consider a Gaussian surface inside the material of the outermost shell. Since the electric field inside a conductor in electrostatic equilibrium is zero,the net charge enclosed by this Gaussian surface must be zero.The total charge enclosed by this surface is the sum of the charge on the innermost shell $(q_1)$,the charge on the middle shell $(0)$,and the charge on the inner surface of the outermost shell $(q')$.Therefore,$q_1 + 0 + q' = 0$.This gives $q' = -q_1$.

The figure shows three concentric metallic spherical shells. The outermost shell has charge $q_2$,the innermost shell has charge $q_1$,and the middle shell is uncharged. The charge appearing on the inner surface of the outermost shell is

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