The following pedigree chart shows:

Hereditary diseases constitute an important factor in checking the growth of population of a small community if:

Alkaptonuria is caused due to

Match Column-$I$ with Column-$II$ and select the correct option.

Column-$I$	Column-$II$
$(P)$ Haemophilia	$(i)$ Recessive gene: $X^{h}X^{h}$
$(Q)$ Colour blindness	$(ii)$ Recessive gene: $pp$
$(R)$ Phenylketonuria	$(iii)$ Recessive gene: $Hb^{s}Hb^{s}$
$(S)$ Sickle-cell anaemia	$(iv)$ Recessive gene: $X^{c}X^{c}$

Which one of the following disorders is caused by the substitution of Glutamic acid (Glu) by Valine (Val) at the sixth position of the beta globin chain of the haemoglobin molecule?

Study the given pedigree chart and select the correct option for the given questions.
$(1)$ Is the trait recessive or dominant?
$(2)$ Is the trait sex-linked or autosomal?