(B) For an ideal gas,the entropy change $\Delta S$ is given by the general expression: $\Delta S = n C_p \ln \left( \frac{T_f}{T_i} \right) + n R \ln

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$\Delta S = nR \ln \left( \frac{p_i}{p_f} \right)$

(B) For an ideal gas,the entropy change $\Delta S$ is given by the general expression: $\Delta S = n C_p \ln \left( \frac{T_f}{T_i} \right) + n R \ln \left( \frac{p_i}{p_f} \right)$ For an isothermal process,the temperature remains constant,so $T_i = T_f$. This implies $\ln \left( \frac{T_f}{T_i} \right) = \ln(1) = 0$. Therefore,the expression simplifies to: $\Delta S = n R \ln \left( \frac{p_i}{p_f} \right)$

Class 11 Chemistry Thermodynamics 2 nd Law of thermodynamics and Entropy

Medium

For a sample of a perfect gas,when its pressure is changed isothermally from $p_i$ to $p_f$,the entropy change is given by:

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A
$\Delta S = nR \ln \left( \frac{p_f}{p_i} \right)$
B
$\Delta S = nR \ln \left( \frac{p_i}{p_f} \right)$
C
$\Delta S = nRT \ln \left( \frac{p_f}{p_i} \right)$
D
$\Delta S = RT \ln \left( \frac{p_i}{p_f} \right)$

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2 nd Law of thermodynamics and Entropy

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One mole of ice is converted into water at $273 \, K$. The entropy of $H_2O_{(s)}$ and $H_2O_{(l)}$ are $38.20 \, J \, mol^{-1} \, K^{-1}$ and $60.01 \, J \, mol^{-1} \, K^{-1}$ respectively. The enthalpy change for the conversion is $....... \, J \, mol^{-1}$.

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Fill in the blanks:
$(i)$ The entropy of one mole of a substance at a fixed temperature and standard state is called ........ .
$(ii)$ The unit of molar entropy is .......... .
$(iii)$ The process of conversion of graphite into diamond is of ........ type.

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State the limitation of the second law of thermodynamics.

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Calculate the entropy change for the melting of $1 \, kg$ of ice at $0 \, ^\circ C$ in $SI$ units. (Latent heat of fusion of ice = $80 \, cal \, g^{-1}$) (in $.67$)

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An irreversible process occurring isothermally in an isolated system leads to

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For a sample of a perfect gas,when its pressure is changed isothermally from $p_i$ to $p_f$,the entropy change is given by:

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One mole of ice is converted into water at $273 \, K$. The entropy of $H_2O_{(s)}$ and $H_2O_{(l)}$ are $38.20 \, J \, mol^{-1} \, K^{-1}$ and $60.01 \, J \, mol^{-1} \, K^{-1}$ respectively. The enthalpy change for the conversion is $....... \, J \, mol^{-1}$.

Fill in the blanks:$(i)$ The entropy of one mole of a substance at a fixed temperature and standard state is called ........ .$(ii)$ The unit of molar entropy is .......... .$(iii)$ The process of conversion of graphite into diamond is of ........ type.

State the limitation of the second law of thermodynamics.

Calculate the entropy change for the melting of $1 \, kg$ of ice at $0 \, ^\circ C$ in $SI$ units. (Latent heat of fusion of ice = $80 \, cal \, g^{-1}$) (in $.67$)

An irreversible process occurring isothermally in an isolated system leads to

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Fill in the blanks:
$(i)$ The entropy of one mole of a substance at a fixed temperature and standard state is called ........ .
$(ii)$ The unit of molar entropy is .......... .
$(iii)$ The process of conversion of graphite into diamond is of ........ type.