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(A) Genetic mapping is based on the frequency of recombination between genes. For short distances,the recombination frequency is directly proportional

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Multiple cross overs

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(A) Genetic mapping is based on the frequency of recombination between genes. For short distances,the recombination frequency is directly proportional to the physical distance between genes,making it additive. However,over long distances,the probability of multiple crossover events (double or triple crossovers) increases. These multiple crossovers can result in the exchange of segments such that the original parental combination is restored,leading to an underestimation of the actual recombination frequency. Therefore,recombination frequencies are not additive over long distances due to multiple crossover events.

For the preparation of genetic maps,the recombination frequencies between genes are additive over short distances but not over long distances due to

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