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(D) The target material used in an $X$-ray tube must possess two primary characteristics: $1$. A high atomic number $(Z)$ to increase the efficiency o

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Tungsten

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(D) The target material used in an $X$-ray tube must possess two primary characteristics: $1$. A high atomic number $(Z)$ to increase the efficiency of $X$-ray production (Bremsstrahlung radiation). $2$. A high melting point to withstand the intense heat generated by the bombardment of high-energy electrons. Tungsten $(W)$ has a high atomic number $(Z = 74)$ and a very high melting point $(3422 ^\circ C)$, making it the ideal choice for the target material.

For the production of $X$-rays, the target should be made of

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