Four identical cells,each having an electromotive force $(e.m.f.)$ of $12\,V$,are connected in parallel. The resultant electromotive force $(e.m.f.)$ of the combination is .............. $V$.

The number of dry cells,each of $e.m.f.$ $1.5\,V$ and internal resistance $0.5\,\Omega$,that must be joined in series with a resistance of $20\,\Omega$ so as to send a current of $0.6\,A$ through the circuit is:

For a cell with non-zero (finite) internal resistance,write the relation between the terminal voltage $(V)$ and the electromotive force $(E)$ of the cell.

The emfs of three cells connected in parallel are $E_1=5 \ V, E_2=8 \ V$ and $E_3=10 \ V$ and their internal resistances are $r_1=1 \ \Omega, r_2=2 \ \Omega$ and $r_3=3 \ \Omega$,respectively. By changing $E_3$ to $E_{3N}$,the equivalent emf is doubled. Then $E_{3N}$ in $V$ is:

As shown in the figure,a group of $N$ cells is connected in series,where the $emf$ of each cell $E_n$ varies with its internal resistance $r_n$ according to the relation $E_n = 1.5 r_n$. The current $I$ in the circuit is ................ $A$.

When cells are connected in parallel,then