Four lamps are connected as shown in the figure. When switch $S_2$ is open and switch $S_1$ is at position $2$,lamp $b$ is the brightest,and lamps $c$ and $d$ are the dimmest and have the same brightness. Now,if $S_2$ is closed and $S_1$ is at position $1$,what is the sequence of brightness of the lamps (starting from the brightest)?

Consider a block of conducting material of resistivity $\rho$ shown in the figure. Current $I$ enters at $A$ and leaves from $D$. We apply the superposition principle to find the voltage $\Delta V$ developed between $B$ and $C$. The calculation is done in the following steps: $(i)$ Take current $I$ entering from $A$ and assume it to spread over a hemispherical surface in the block. $(ii)$ Calculate the field $E(r)$ at distance $r$ from $A$ by using Ohm's law $E=\rho j$,where $j$ is the current per unit area at $r$. $(iii)$ From the $r$ dependence of $E(r)$,obtain the potential $V(r)$ at $r$. $(iv)$ Repeat $(i), (ii)$ and $(iii)$ for current $I$ leaving $D$ and superpose results for $A$ and $D$. $\Delta V$ measured between $B$ and $C$ is

The value of the resistance $R$ in the figure is adjusted such that the power dissipated in the $2\,\Omega$ resistor is maximum. Then the power dissipated in the $2\,\Omega$ resistor will be ................ $W$.

Two bulbs consume the same power when operated at $200\, V$ and $300\, V$ respectively. When these bulbs are connected in series across a $D.C.$ source of $500\, V$,then:

If for a thermocouple ${T_n}$ is the neutral temperature,${T_c}$ is the temperature of the cold junction,and ${T_i}$ is the temperature of inversion,then:

Assertion : All electric devices shown in the circuit are ideal. The reading of each of ammeter $(A)$ and voltmeter $(V)$ is zero.
Reason : An ideal voltmeter draws almost no current due to very large resistance, and hence $(V)$ and $(A)$ will read zero.