Frameshift mutation arises due to

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(C) frameshift mutation is a genetic mutation caused by the insertion or deletion of a number of nucleotides in a $DNA$ sequence that is not divisible

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Both $(a)$ and $(b)$

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(C) frameshift mutation is a genetic mutation caused by the insertion or deletion of a number of nucleotides in a $DNA$ sequence that is not divisible by three.Because the genetic code is read in triplets (codons),the insertion or deletion of one or two base pairs shifts the reading frame of the entire sequence downstream from the mutation site.As shown in the diagram:Condition $I$: If there is an insertion of one base,the original sequence $ATC-GAT-CTG$ changes to $ATC-GAT-TCT-G...$,altering all subsequent codons.Condition $II$: If there is a deletion of one base,the original sequence $ATC-GAT-CTG$ changes to $ATC-GTC-TG...$,also altering all subsequent codons.Therefore,both deletion and insertion of base pairs lead to a frameshift mutation.

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