From the above given features,how many are associated with primary succession?
Features:
$1$. Occur on newly cooled lava
$2$. Faster succession
$3$. Progress to mesic condition
$4$. Occurs on flooded land
$5$. Slower succession
$6$. Changes in flora only

Which of the following statements regarding food chains are considered correct?
$(1)$ Removal of $80\%$ of tigers from an area results in greatly increased growth of vegetation.
$(2)$ Removal of most carnivores results in an increased population of deer.
$(3)$ The length of food chains is generally limited to $3-4$ trophic levels due to energy loss.
$(4)$ The length of food chains can vary from $2$ to $8$ trophic levels.

Match the List-$I$ with List-$II$:

List-$I$	List-$II$
$a$. Carbon dissolved in oceans	$i$. $55$ billion tons
$b$. Annual fixation of carbon through photosynthesis	$ii$. $71 \%$
$c$. $PAR$ captured by plants	$iii$. $4 \times 10^{13} \ kg$
$d$. Productivity of oceans	$iv$. $2$ to $10 \%$

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

The provided diagram represents:

What type of food chain is the following?
Grass $\rightarrow$ Goat $\rightarrow$ Human

Which light is transmitted by water?