Genetic equilibrium means

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(A) Genetic equilibrium means the gene pool remains constant.Hardy-Weinberg Principle:It was proposed by $G.H. Hardy$,an English mathematician,and $W.

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Gene pool remains constant

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(A) Genetic equilibrium means the gene pool remains constant.Hardy-Weinberg Principle:It was proposed by $G.H. Hardy$,an English mathematician,and $W. Weinberg$,a German physician,independently in $1908$.$(i)$ It describes a theoretical situation in which a population is undergoing no evolutionary change. This is called genetic or Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.$(ii)$ It can be expressed as $p^{2} + 2pq + q^{2} = 1$ or $(p + q)^{2} = 1$.$(iii)$ Evolution occurs when the genetic equilibrium is upset (evolution is a departure from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium principle).The sum of the total allelic frequency $(p + q)$ is $= 1$.Where:$p^{2} = \%$ homozygous dominant individuals$p =$ frequency of dominant allele$q^{2} = \%$ homozygous recessive individuals$q =$ frequency of recessive allele$2pq = \%$ heterozygous individualsSince $(p + q)^{2} = 1$,these represent the only genotypes in the population under equilibrium.

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