| Neural system | Endocrine system |
| $(1)$ Neurotransmitters are released due to nerve impulse stimulation. | $(1)$ Transported by blood throughout the body. |
| $(2)$ Primarily affects muscles and glands. | $(2)$ Induces changes in metabolic processes. |
| $(3)$ Rapid conduction of signals. | $(3)$ Slower response (seconds to days). |
| $(4)$ Reaction time is very short. | $(4)$ Reaction period is comparatively longer. |
| Hormones of adrenal cortex | Hormones of adrenal medulla |
| $(1)$ Steroid hormones. | $(1)$ Catecholamine hormones. |
| $(2)$ Affects kidney and various tissues. | $(2)$ Affects cardiac tissue and smooth muscles. |
| $(3)$ Regulates water-electrolyte balance and glucose metabolism. | $(3)$ Stimulates metabolic activities during stress. |
| $(4)$ Examples: Cortisol,Aldosterone. | $(4)$ Examples: Adrenaline,Noradrenaline. |
| Thyroid hormone | Parathyroid hormone |
| $(1)$ Main hormone is Thyroxine $(T_4)$. | $(1)$ Main hormone is Parathyroid hormone $(PTH)$. |
| $(2)$ Iodinated amino acid derivative. | $(2)$ Peptide hormone. |
| $(3)$ Increases basal metabolic rate. | $(3)$ Increases $Ca^{2+}$ level in the blood. |
| $(4)$ Hyposecretion causes cretinism or myxedema. | $(4)$ Hyposecretion causes tetany (muscle spasms). |
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