Give the limitations and uses of turbulence.

$A$ vessel containing water is moving with a constant speed towards the right along a straight horizontal path. Which of the following diagrams represents the surface of the liquid?

Water flows through a frictionless duct with a cross-section varying as shown in the figure. Pressure $p$ at points along the axis is represented by:

The Karman line is a theoretical construct that separates the Earth's atmosphere from outer space. It is defined as the height at which the lift on an aircraft flying at the speed of a polar satellite $(8 \, km/s)$ is equal to its weight. Taking a fighter aircraft of wing area $30 \, m^2$ and mass $7500 \, kg$,the height of the Karman line above the ground will be in the range of .............. $km$. (Assume the density of air at height $h$ above the ground to be $\rho(h) = 1.2 e^{-h/10} \, kg/m^3$,where $h$ is in $km$,and the lift force to be $\frac{1}{2} \rho v^2 A$,where $v$ is the speed of the aircraft and $A$ is its wing area.)

$A$ cylindrical tube,with its base as shown in the figure,is filled with water. It is moving down with a constant acceleration $a$ along a fixed inclined plane with angle $\theta=45^{\circ}$. $P_1$ and $P_2$ are pressures at points $1$ and $2$,respectively,located at the base of the tube. Let $\beta=(P_1-P_2) / (\rho g d)$,where $\rho$ is the density of water,$d$ is the inner diameter of the tube,and $g$ is the acceleration due to gravity. Which of the following statement$(s)$ is(are) correct?
$(A)$ $\beta=0$ when $a=g / \sqrt{2}$
$(B)$ $\beta>0$ when $a=g / \sqrt{2}$
$(C)$ $\beta=\frac{\sqrt{2}-1}{\sqrt{2}}$ when $a=g / 2$
$(D)$ $\beta=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}$ when $a=g / 2$

An open cubical tank was initially fully filled with water. When the tank was accelerated on a horizontal plane along one of its sides,it was found that one-third of the volume of water spilled out. The acceleration was: