Grafting is a method that can transmit which of the following types of diseases?

............ is the basis of genetic variation.

Fill in the blanks in the following statements ($A$ to $C$):
$(A)$ The capacity to generate a whole plant from any cell/explant is called ......$(i)$ .......
$(B)$ The transfer of resistance genes occurs through ........$(ii)$ ........ . Subsequently,......$(iii)$ ....... occurs between the target and the source plant.
$(C)$ The rice variety $IR8$ was developed in the country ........$(iv)$ .

Taichung Native-$1$,the dwarf rice variety in India,is a native of:

Consider the following four statements $(a-d)$ regarding the successful cultivation of chickpea in an area where bacterial blight is common:
$(a)$ Spraying of Bordeaux mixture.
$(b)$ Control of the disease vector.
$(c)$ Use of disease-free seeds.
$(d)$ Use of disease-resistant varieties.
Which of the above are the most effective strategies for managing this disease?

In which country is the $IARI$ institute located?