How would you explain the fact that the first ionization enthalpy of sodium is lower than that of magnesium but its second ionization enthalpy is higher than that of magnesium?

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(A) The electronic configuration of $Na$ is $[Ne] 3s^{1}$ and that of $Mg$ is $[Ne] 3s^{2}$.
The configuration of $Mg$ is more stable (being completely filled) than that of $Na$.
Therefore,the first ionization enthalpy of $Mg$ is higher than that of $Na$.
After the loss of one electron from $Na$,it acquires the stable noble gas configuration of $Ne$ $(1s^{2} 2s^{2} 2p^{6})$.
On the other hand,for $Mg$,the configuration after the first ionization becomes $[Ne] 3s^{1}$.
Thus,the electronic configuration of $Na^{+}$ is more stable than that of $Mg^{+}$,making the removal of the second electron from $Na^{+}$ much more difficult than from $Mg^{+}$.
$Na ([Ne] 3s^{1}) \longrightarrow Na^{+} ([Ne]) + e^{-}$
$Mg ([Ne] 3s^{2}) \longrightarrow Mg^{+} ([Ne] 3s^{1}) + e^{-}$
$IE_{1}(Na) < IE_{1}(Mg)$
$IE_{2}(Na) > IE_{2}(Mg)$

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The successive ionisation enthalpies of an element $X$ in $(kJ \ mol^{-1})$ are $1012$,$1907$,$2955$,$4955$,$6275$ and $21,260$ respectively. The element $X$ is:

Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion $A$ and the other is labelled as Reason $R$.
Assertion $A:$ The energy required to form $Mg^{2+}$ from $Mg$ is much higher than that required to produce $Mg^{+}$.
Reason $R:$ $Mg^{2+}$ is a small ion and carries more charge than $Mg^{+}$.
In the light of the above statements,choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Ionization energy of gaseous $Na$ atoms is $495.5 \ kJ \ mol^{-1}$. The lowest possible frequency of light that ionizes a sodium atom is $(h = 6.626 \times 10^{-34} \ J \ s, N_A = 6.022 \times 10^{23} \ mol^{-1})$.

Ionization energy is highest for

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