Identify the stage of hydrarch succession shown in the figure.

Match the columns:

Column-$I$	Column-$II$
$(i)$ Primary succession	$(i)$ Development of ecosystem
$(ii)$ Ecological succession	$(ii)$ Lichens
$(iii)$ Pioneer species on rocks	$(iii)$ Near to the equilibrium with the environment
$(iv)$ Climax community	$(iv)$ New species on bare environment

Select the incorrect match.
$I.$ Sedimentary nutrient cycle-Nitrogen cycle
$II.$ Pioneer species-Lichens
$III.$ Secondary succession-Burned forests
$IV.$ Pyramid of biomass in sea-Upright

Match Column-$I$ with Column-$II$. Select the option with the correct combination.

$1$. Standing state	$p$. Mass of living material at a given time
$2$. Pioneer species	$q$. Amount of nutrients in the soil at a given time
$3$. Detritivores	$r$. Species that invade a bare area
$4$. Standing crop	$s$. Breakdown detritus into smaller particles

Which one of the following is a characteristic feature of a cropland ecosystem?

Some of the nutrient cycles are labelled as below:
$I$. Sulphur cycle
$II$. Phosphorus cycle
$III$. Carbon cycle
$IV$. Nitrogen cycle
Of these,the sedimentary cycle is represented by: