Identify the major product $P$ formed in the following reaction.

Give the resonance structures of the $\sigma$-complex formed during the electrophilic aromatic substitution of benzene. Explain the stability of the $\sigma$-complex.

Benzene $ + Cl_{2(excess)} \xrightarrow[\Delta ]{AlCl_3} x$
$x$ is

Identify the correct statements:
The presence of $-NO_{2}$ group in a benzene ring:

Which of the following reacts with benzene in the presence of anhydrous aluminum chloride to form acetophenone?

If $P$ and $S$ are toluene,identify $Q$ and $R$ respectively in the following reaction sequence:
$P$ $\xrightarrow{KMnO_4/KOH} Q$ $\xrightarrow{\text{soda lime}, \Delta} R$ $\xrightarrow{CH_3Cl, \text{anhydrous } AlCl_3} S$