If a voltage applied to an $X$-ray tube is increased to $1.5$ times, the minimum wavelength $(\lambda_{\min})$ of an $X$-ray continuous spectrum shifts by $\Delta \lambda = 26 \, pm$. The initial voltage applied to the tube is:

For the study of bone fractures,the minimum wavelength of $X$-rays should be $10^{-11} \ m$. The accelerating voltage for electrons in the $X$-ray machine will be .......

If the potential difference applied across an $X$-ray tube is $V$ volts,then the approximate minimum wavelength of the emitted $X$-rays will be:

The wavelength of $L_{\alpha}$ line in $X$-ray spectrum of $_{78}Pt$ is $1.32 \ \mathring{A}$. The wavelength of $L_{\alpha}$ line in $X$-ray spectrum of another unknown element is $4.17 \ \mathring{A}$. If the screening constant for the $L_{\alpha}$ line is $7.4$,then the atomic number of the unknown element is:

Write the sources and uses of $X$-rays and gamma rays.

The difference between $\lambda_{K_{\alpha}}$ and $\lambda_{min}$ becomes twice if the accelerating potential changes from $3100 \ V$ to $12400 \ V$. Find $\lambda_{K_{\alpha}}$ in $\mathring{A}$. (Given $hc = 12400 \ eV \mathring{A}$)