If in the winter season the surface temperature of a lake is $1^{\circ} C$,the temperature at the bottom of the lake will be ............

Give one example each for solid,liquid,and gas showing expansion with an increase in temperature and contraction with a decrease in temperature.

What are freezing and freezing point?

An earthen pitcher used in summer cools water in it essentially by evaporation of water from its porous surface. If a pitcher carries $4 \,kg$ of water and the rate of evaporation is $20 \,g$ per hour,the temperature of water in it decreases by $\Delta T$ in two hours. The value of $\Delta T$ is close to ........... $^{\circ} C$ (ratio of latent heat of evaporation to specific heat of water is $540^{\circ} C$).

Calculate the amount of heat (in calories) required to convert $5\,g$ of ice at $0^{\circ}C$ to steam at $100^{\circ}C$.

$A$ thermocouple produces $40 \, \mu V/K$. The temperatures of the cold and hot junctions are $40 \, ^\circ C$ and $20 \, ^\circ C$ respectively. If $150$ such thermocouples are connected in series,what is the total thermo-emf produced in $mV$?