If the minimum wavelength obtained in an $X-ray$ tube is $2.5 \times 10^{-10} \ m$,the operating potential of the tube will be.....$kV$.

When $0.50\; \mathring{A}$ $X$-rays strike a material,the photoelectrons from the $K$-shell are observed to move in a circle of radius $23\; mm$ in a magnetic field of $2 \times 10^{-2}\; T$ acting perpendicularly to the direction of emission of photoelectrons. The binding energy of $K$-shell electrons is $..........\; keV$.

Write the sources and uses of $X$-rays and gamma rays.

$A$ potential difference of $20 \, kV$ is applied across an $X-ray$ tube. The minimum wavelength of $X-rays$ generated (in $\mathring{A}$) is

Assertion : Soft and hard $X-$ rays differ in frequency as well as velocity.
Reason : The penetrating power of hard $X-$ rays is more than the penetrating power of soft $X-$ rays.

$X$-rays of wavelength $22 \, pm$ are scattered from a carbon target at an angle of $85^{\circ}$ to the incident beam. The Compton shift for $X$-rays is ......... $pm$.