State the importance of the following in the human excretory system:
$(1)$ Nephron
$(2)$ Antidiuretic hormone $(ADH)$
$(1)$ Nephron
$(2)$ Antidiuretic hormone $(ADH)$
(N/A) $(1)$ Nephron: It is the structural and functional unit of the kidney,responsible for the process of urine formation through filtration,reabsorption,and secretion.
$(2)$ Antidiuretic hormone $(ADH)$: It is released from the posterior pituitary gland and facilitates the reabsorption of water from the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct,thereby concentrating the urine and preventing water loss.
$(2)$ Antidiuretic hormone $(ADH)$: It is released from the posterior pituitary gland and facilitates the reabsorption of water from the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct,thereby concentrating the urine and preventing water loss.
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$(a)$ Angiotensin $II$ constricts arterioles in the kidney to reduce blood flow and decreases blood pressure when blood flow to the afferent arteriole decreases.
$(b)$ Angiotensin $II$ stimulates the adrenal cortex to release aldosterone for more absorption of $Na^+$ and $Cl^-$ ions in the $DCT$.
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$(a)$ Angiotensin $II$ constricts arterioles in the kidney to reduce blood flow and decreases blood pressure when blood flow to the afferent arteriole decreases.
$(b)$ Angiotensin $II$ stimulates the adrenal cortex to release aldosterone for more absorption of $Na^+$ and $Cl^-$ ions in the $DCT$.
$(c)$ Blood osmolarity varies with the secretion of aldosterone and $ANP$.
Given below are two statements.
Statement $I$: Macula densa and $JG$ cells together form the $JG$ apparatus.
Statement $II$: The $JG$ apparatus plays an important role in reabsorption of glucose within kidney.
In the light of above two statements,choose the correct answer from options given below.
Statement $I$: Macula densa and $JG$ cells together form the $JG$ apparatus.
Statement $II$: The $JG$ apparatus plays an important role in reabsorption of glucose within kidney.
In the light of above two statements,choose the correct answer from options given below.
The concentration of urine is controlled by .....
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